I feel that the definition of critical thinking is
the
ability to research and find information, analyze and evaluate that
information, and use that information in an appropriate manner to solve
real
life problems. To do this a teacher must provide students with
opportunities to mull over relationships between facts learned and
information
gathered. They need to be allowed to determine the relevance of
the
research they discover. They need to be made responsible for the
decisions made during learning. They need ownership of what they
are
taking in cognitively. This will provide the motivation for
continued
learning.
This year I used many
lessons which
I feel promote critical thinking skills but I would like to focus on
three of
these.. One of these lessons is What is a Verb?, a lesson for
second to
fourth graders. The idea for this lesson came after I heard a
third
grader ask his teacher why they needed to know parts of speech, verbs
in
particular. I began the lesson by leading the students through a
video
clip from United Streaming entitled, Herb and His Verbs. This
video clip
provides a definition for verbs in a fun manner. After the video,
I
showed various pictures that I gathered from a web site called Pics 4
Learning. I showed the picture and put a sentence on the overhead
to
accompany the picture. Students were asked to identify the verb
and tell
what kind of verb it was. Next I checked for understanding by
having
students utilize a web site to test their knowledge of verbs.
While students
were trying their skills on the web site game, I walked around and
observed to
see where student weaknesses fell. I also carried with me a bag
of tile
letters and had students pull 3-5 letters from the bag. Students
were
asked to create a made up word from their letters and to come up with a
definition for that word. They could not reveal that definition
to
anyone. I then had the students open up a software program.
I gave
them a choice between Power Point, KidPix, or Microsoft Paint.
They were
to use the program to design a picture which would explain to the rest
of us
the definition of their word. One child asked if he could use the
school's digital camera to gather the pictures to define his
word. He put
the pictures into a folder and used Windows to create the
sideshow. After
the lesson I asked the students to think of times they may have to
figure out a
word that may not ever have heard of before. Answers included,
during
reading, when learning a new language, and if you visited another
country.
The second lesson I did was called Native
American
Adaptations. Not being familiar with fourth grade
SOLs, I went straight through the VDOE's enhanced scope and sequence,
refining
it slightly to build technology skills. I started off using a
KWL
graphic organizer. Using a KWL helps students to access prior knowledge
which
helps build retention. I again used a video from United
Streaming and
brought in many web sites. Students were asked to research and
I
provided students with an opportunity to discuss what they have learned
in
small groups using a "jigsaw". After the students had
thoroughly researched the topic of Native Americans and the adaptations
to
their environment, students were given an assessment project. For
the
assessment, students were asked to prepare a report to the King of
England on
one Language Group. The information prepared for the king will
aid more
incoming settlers in preparing for colonization. By taking what
they had
learned from the lessons and research on Native Americans and applying
it to
English settlers, I was promoting the critical thinking skills of my
students. Students were given a choice between Publisher, Photo
Story,
or Power Point to create the king's presentation.
Often times, critical thinking means allowing
the
students to explore subjects and topics not typically covered by the
tested
SOLs and giving them an opportunity to see how the expanded topic
relates back
to what they are studying. This is why I have included the
lesson
on what a scientist does. In this lesson students researched
famous
scientists and the scientific method. They looked at their own
SOLs and
were asked to make a decision about which SOL a chosen scientist would
have
interest in. At the end of the lesson a report or presentation
was
expected from the students.
Students also need to have a chance to
show
their creativity. Unfortunately, many teachers think that
promoting
creativity means allowing students to do anything they wish. This
could
not be farther from the truth. In my experience, when I told
students to
do whatever they wished, the students ended up imitating another child
or
imitated me. This is not creative! Providing limitations or
guidelines actually enhances creative thinking skills since it provides
safe
boundaries for students to explore within and aids the student in
focusing on
the problem to be addressed rather than the how of addressing the
problem.. In both my lessons I provided these comfortable
limitations. I limited the technologies to just a few so that the
students could move more quickly into project. Students were
given 20
minutes to "play" with the different technologies so that they would
know which one would best work for them. After the 20 minutes of
play,
student were asked to write the name of the program they would use on a
3 x 5
card. They were informed that they could not change their mind
after the
decision had been made. Students were also given the chance
to work
in partners small groups if desired. they were made aware that no
"stretching room" in the evaluation would be allotted if they chose
not work alone. I gave the rubrics out and I clarified what I was
looking
for. They students then began the projects. In the science
lesson I
again gave the students choices but supplied a rubric to guide those
choices.
Students were excited over the
these
lessons and the results were positive. I think that next year I
will
spend a little more time teaching Publisher before the students
actually use
it. I mistakenly thought that since Publisher was so much like
Word, that
students would quickly understand the program. I was mistaken and
as a
result, Publisher was not a high priority in software programs.